Welcome to the website where you can find answers for the Computer Based Test (CBT) also known as Crew Evaluation System (CES) on the subject «Marine Fuel Properties II». This site will help you as a marine specialist improve your knowledge with the help of open information, where you can find questions as well as answers for them. CES/CBT based on practical information and marine specialists experience.
CES & CBT tests developed for evaluating seaman basic knowledge by Seagull Company (rebranded as «OTG»), is an evaluating online-tool, used for revealing any professional preparation needed in specific fields of knowledge, defined by STCW.
CES tests have proven themselves as good tools for the selection and recruitment process, as well as advancing the level of knowledge of the current officers and crew. Ocean Technologies Group use various subjects for question creation, which includes:
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Current test contains Seagull CES questions on the subject «Marine Fuel Properties». These questions can be used to test the competence of a specialist capable of professionally performing their job duties. A ship worker must know the characteristics of marine fuels, pour point, viscosity, fluidity of marine low-viscosity and heavy fuels.
«Marine Fuel Properties II» subject includes theoretical and practical information about safety working with electrical equipment. Knowledge of this information directly indicates the competence of the employee holding the relevant position on the ship, ensures work in the engine room. Marine fuel properties are the characteristics of the fuels used in marine engines. These properties include the chemical composition, viscosity, density, flashpoint, pour point, sulfur content, and other physical and chemical characteristics. Understanding these properties is important for ensuring safe and efficient operation of marine engines, as well as for compliance with environmental regulations.
This page contains answers to Seagull CES CBT (Crew Evaluation System/Computer Based Test) test about Marine Fuel Properties II, and serve as a database of questions and answers, using which seafarer can prepare to exams for getting certificate of competence, or just to challenge yourself with knowledge in this theme.
CBT CD 0179 – Marine Fuel Properties II.pdf
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Amount of questions: 63.
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A value for fuel density is required for a number of operational reasons. Select all of the operations for which a density value for the fuel is required from the options given:
Setting up purifiers.
Calculating the mass of fuel.
Vessel stability calculations.
Setting the temperature to achieve correct fuel injection viscosity.
According to this module, what is the most likely cause of marine pollution by fuel oil?
Spillage/overflow during bunkering operations.
Spillage/overflow during fuel transfer operations.
Disposal of waste product from treatment/cleaning operations.
Disposal of leakage and drainage from on board use.
Air pollution from the use of marine fuels, particularly in diesel engines, is an ongoing problem. Select, from the options given, all of those which contribute directly to air pollution:
Air pollution by vapour and gas given off by the fuel in storage and during treatment.
Air pollution by exhaust emissions from an incinerator when burning sludge residues from the treatment of fuel oil.
Air pollution by exhaust emissions following combustion of the fuel in a diesel engine.
Although an energy equivalent indicator is not included within the ISO 8217 fuel standard tables it is still an important indication of a fuels quality. Which of the following range of energy levels is most representative of marine fuels?
39 to 42 MJ/kg.
22 to 25 MJ/kg.
49 to 52 MJ/kg.
32 to 35 MJ/kg.
Although the stability of a fuel is important the ISO 8217 standard tables do not include any absolute stability indicators. Which of the following statements gives the best description of a stable fuel?
A stable fuel is one which remains in its original condition during storage and handling under varying conditions.
A stable fuel is one which can be mixed with other fuels.
A stable fuel is one with only one component.
A stable fuel is one which contains no other elements other than hydrogen and carbon.
Aluminium and silicon may be present in the fuel. What is the most likely source of these contaminants?
Refinery processes.
Transport and storage.
Crude oil source.
On board treatment.
Asphaltenes are complex, unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules contained in residual fuels. Select any of the likely problems from the following options which may result from fuels with high asphaltene content:
An increase in sludge formation.
Heavy fouling of separators.
A poor combustion performance.
An increase in abrasive wear.
Complete the following statement. Marine diesel fuel usually contains of…
75 % saturated and 25 % unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Only saturated hydrocarbons.
Only unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon molecules with less than 10 carbon atoms.
During combustion of fuel oil in a diesel engine there are a number of pollutants that may be present in the exhaust emissions. From the options given select all of those which constitute air pollutants:
NOx.
SOx.
Carbon monoxide.
Water vapour.
Each residual fuel grade is designated by a code consisting of three letters and a number. An example of this is the grade RMG 380. What does the number signify?
Kinematic viscosity at 50 °C.
Kinematic viscosity at 150 °C.
Density at 50 °C.
Density at 15 °C.
From the following processes select all of those which are used in the refining of petroleum oil:
Atmospheric distillation.
Vacuum distillation.
Visbreaking.
Catalytic cracking.
From the options given select those which can be used to effectively remove water from fuel oil:
Regular draining of settling and service tanks.
Centrifuge set up as a purifier.
Centrifuge set up as a clarifier.
Passing the fuel through a mesh filter.
If a person swallows a quantity of fuel which of the following actions should be taken?
Seek urgent medical help.
Induce vomiting.
Provide oxygen.
Move the victim to an area where fresh air is present.
In oil refining the term “cracking” is applied to a process based on which one of the following?
The breakdown of heavy hydrocarbons using either heat or heat and chemical means.
Product separation by atmospheric distillation.
Product separation by vacuum distillation.
Removal of salt and water from the crude.
Information regarding the health hazards associated with different materials, including marine fuels, should be obtained before handling and working with the materials. Where would be the most likely source of this information?
Material safety data sheets.
Bunker delivery note.
ISO 8217 standards tables.
Fuel sample container label.
Limits for Micro Carbon Residue (MCR) are included in both of the ISO 8217 fuel tables. Which of the following is the best description of the effect of a high value of MCR?
Heavy fouling of engine cylinder and exhaust system may occur in the event of poor combustion conditions.
Blockage of fuel oil filters may occur.
Seizure of injection system may occur.
Frequent cleaning of purifiers will be required.
Marine residual fuel oil is classed as a distillate fuel. True or False?
True.
False.
Operating a diesel engine on fuel oil containing used lubricating oil may result in engine damage due to high levels of debris or remaining additives it may contain. Which of the following options is recognised as an indication of used lubricating oil being present in fuel?
Zinc, calcium and phosphorus levels all above limit values.
Zinc, calcium and lead levels above limit values.
Copper, calcium and phosphorus levels above limit values.
Zinc, copper and phosphorus present but levels below limit values.
Prior to entering a fuel tank the atmosphere should have which of the following concentrations?
At least 20 % oxygen by volume and less than 1 % of the hydrocarbon gas lower flammable limit.
21 % of oxygen by volume.
1 % of hydrocarbon gas.
20 % of oxygen and 1 % hydrocarbon gas.
Select all of the options which are likely to occur in a marine diesel engine due to contamination of the fuel:
Hot corrosion.
Cold corrosion.
Abrasive wear.
Fouling of the exhaust system.
Select all of the options which may result in a risk of a health hazard when dealing with fuel oils and fuel related equipment?
Skin contact.
Eye contact.
Inhalation.
Ingestion.
Select from the options given all of those which apply to the four compounds methane, ethane, propane and butane:
They are all hydrocarbons.
They are all saturated.
They are all gases at atmospheric conditions.
They are all alkanes.
Select the best option to complete the following statement. To remove as much catalytic fines as possible from residual fuel you should:
Use low throughput rates on the purifier and fine filters.
Drain settling tanks regularly.
Increase the quantity of fuel additives.
Mix it with distillate fuel.
Select from the options given all of the possible effects of using fuel with a high sulphur content:
Cold corrosion may occur if correct temperatures are not maintained.
Increased SOx emissions.
Hot corrosion may occur if sodium is also present.
Ignition delay will be increased.
Soluble contaminants such as vanadium may be present in residual fuel. What can be done to remove such contaminants from the fuel prior to on board use? Select the ONE correct answer:
Fuel soluble contaminants cannot be removed.
Fuel soluble contaminants can be removed in the settling tank.
Fuel soluble contaminants can be removed by filtration.
Fuel soluble contaminants can be removed by centrifuging.
The acronym SECA stands for which one of the following options?
SOx emission control area.
Special emission control area.
Sulphur emission control area.
Soot emission control area.
The ash content of a fuel is limited according to the ISO 8217 fuel tables. Which one of the following is the highest risk when operating an engine on fuel with a high ash content?
Risk of abrasive damage to injection equipment and cylinder components.
Risk of fuel system filter blockage.
Risk of poor combustion.
Risk of overloading purifiers.
The best way to remove residual fuel oil from the skin is to wash with clean distillate fuel. True or False?
True.
False.
The cetane number is a reliable ignition quality indicator for all marine fuels. True or False?
True.
False.
The compatibility of one fuel with another cannot be measured directly and may lead to an unstable mixture. To avoid compatibility problems, which of the following options is recommended?
If mixing of different fuels cannot be avoided, then mix new bunkers with the minimum quantity of old bunkers possible.
If mixing of different fuels cannot be avoided, then mix new bunkers with the equal quantities of old bunkers.
If mixing of fuels cannot be avoided, then the mixture should be kept in storage for a long period of time to check for problems.
If mixing of different fuels cannot be avoided, then mix all of the new bunkers with all of old bunkers remaining on board.
The contaminants normally found in marine fuel oil usually originate from which of the following? Select all of the likely sources from the options given:
Crude oil.
Refining process.
Transport and storage.
Fuel injection system.
The flash point indicates which of the following?
The temperature at which a fuel procedures vapour which can be ignited by an external ignition source.
The temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite.
The pressure at which a fuel will vaporise.
The temperature at which the fuel will stop flowing.
The limit for the NOx content in a diesel engine exhaust depends on which of the following parameters?
Engine speed.
Cylinder bore size.
Length of piston stroke.
Number of cylinders.
The tables in ISO 8217 cover all of the quality aspects relating to marine fuels. True or False?
True.
False.
The two tables in the current edition of the ISO Standard for marine fuels both contain which of the following indicators?
Sulphur limits according to MARPOL Annex VI.
CCAI limits for residual fuels.
Conradson carbon residue limits.
Energy equivalent values.
Total sediment (potential) is a measure of which of the following?
Deposit of sediment due to storage of fuel over a period of time at elevated temperatures.
Deposit of sediment due to mixing with other fuels.
Deposit of sediment due to suspended solids.
Deposit of sediment due to poor combustion.
Vanadium can be removed from residual marine fuel by filtration. True or False?
True.
False.
What does the term “saturated” mean when used to describe hydrocarbon molecules?
That the atoms are joined together with single bonds.
That the oil has high water content.
That the molecules include contaminants.
That there is more carbon that hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms in the naphtheneor cyclo-alkane series of hydrocarbons?
2 to 1.
1 to 2.
4 to 1.
1 to 4.
When a fuel is described as being incompatible it means that it cannot be mixed with another fuel and remain stable. True or False?
True.
False.
When testing diesel engine fuel injectors care must be taken to avoid direct skin contact with the high pressure fuel spray. From the options given select the ONE most likely effect on health that may result from this particular hazard:
Blood poisoning due to penetration of the skin by fuel.
Cancer due to prolonged or repeated contact.
Dermatitis due to prolonged or repeated contact.
Scalding due to hot fuel.
Which of the following are the parameters used to calculate the CCAI value of a fuel?
Density and viscosity.
Density and pour point.
Viscosity and flash point.
Flash point and pour point.
Which of the following best describes the aromatic group of hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbon molecules with at least one benzene ring.
Hydrocarbon molecules which are simple chains.
Hydrocarbon molecules which are saturated.
Hydrocarbon molecules which are unsaturated.
Which of the following can be used to check that the fuel delivered exactly meets the specification of the fuel ordered?
Analysis by a specialist facility.
Simple on board testing.
ISO 8217 standard tables.
Bunker delivery note.
Which of the following carries a high risk of aspiration of fuel oil?
Vomiting following ingestion of fuel.
Fuel contact with the skin.
Inhalation of hydrogen sulphide given off by fuel oil.
Fuel oil in the eyes.
Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
Wood.
Petroleum oil.
Coal.
Natural gas.
Which of the following is one of the ways that MARPOL aims to limit CO2 emissions from ships?
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans.
Fitting of slow speed diesel engines.
Diesel engines to have a minimum efficiency.
Catalytic converters to be fitted.
Which of the following is the MARPOL annex dealing with air pollution?
Annex VI.
Annex III.
Annex V.
Annex I.
Which of the following is the MARPOL annex dealing with marine pollution by oil?
Annex VI.
Annex III.
Annex V.
Annex I.
Which of the following is the best description of the alkane or paraffinic group of hydrocarbon compounds?
Saturated hydrocarbon molecules with a straight chain structure.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules with a straight chain structure.
Saturated hydrocarbon molecules with a ring structure.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules with a ring structure.
Which of the following is the correct meaning of “Lubricity”?
The capacity to lubricate.
Contains lubricating oil.
Contains sulphur.
Contains graphite.
Which of the following is the normal gross calorific value of marine residual fuel?
39 to 42 MJ/kg.
20 to 36 MJ/kg.
100 to 141 MJ/kg.
200 to 300 MJ/kg.
Which of the following non-hydrocarbon elements found in marine residual fuels is the most likely to originate from part of the refining process?
Aluminium and silicon.
Vanadium and sodium.
Sulphur and calcium.
Nickel and zinc.
Which of the following options is the best description of marine diesel oil?
High grade distillate fuel.
Mainly distillate fuel with a small proportion of heavy fuel.
High grade residual fuel.
Mainly residual fuel with a small proportion of distillate fuel.
Which of the following outcomes is the most likely as a result of combustion of fuel containing sulphur?
Cold corrosion of components may occur.
Hot corrosion of components may occur.
Excessive carbon deposits may occur.
Abrasive wear may occur.
Which of the following processes allows the chemical energy in fuel oil to be converted into mechanical work?
Combustion.
Refining.
Heating.
Blending.
Which of the following quality indicators is included in the ISO 8217 tables?
An ignition quality indicator for distillate fuels.
An ignition quality indicator for residual fuels.
A combustion quality indicator for distillate fuels.
A combustion quality indicator for residual fuels.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate with reference to the term “combustion quality”?
The combustion quality of a fuel refers to how easily the fuel burns once it has been ignited.
The combustion quality of a fuel refers to how easily the fuel can be ignited.
Combustion quality and ignition quality of a fuel are the same thing.
Combustion quality of a fuel depends on the pre-treatment before use.
Which of the following temperature limits is included in the ISO 8217 standard because of safety reasons?
Flash point.
Pour point (Winter).
Pour point (Summer).
Cloud point.
Which of the following temperature ranges is the most likely to be employed for pre-heating the crude oil for the atmospheric distillation process:
350 – 400 °C.
50 – 150 °C.
150 – 250 °C.
500 – 700 °C.
Which one of the following chemical elements is the most likely to increase the risk of high temperature corrosion when present with vanadium during combustion of fuel oil?
Sodium.
Sulphur.
Calcium.
Phosphorus.
Which one of the following options is most likely to contaminate fuel oil during the refining process?
Aluminium and silicon.
Vanadium.
Sodium.
Rust.
Which one of the following options is the best way to minimise the sodium levels in fuel and so minimise the risk of hot corrosion?
Prevent seawater entering the fuel.
Set up centrifuges to operate as clarifiers.
Avoid using fuel with a very low sulphur content.
Maintain fuel temperature above 100 °C.
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