This page contains answers to Seagull CES test about Ice Navigation, and serve as a database of questions and answers, using which seafarer can prepare to exams for getting certificate of competence, or just to challenge yourself with knowledge in this theme.
CBT CD 0060 – Navigation in Ice.pdf
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Amount of questions: 43.
Right answers marked with this sign .
An iceberg has a minimum height above sea level of:
2 meters.
5 meters.
7 meters.
10 meters.
Anchoring in ice covered waters are:
No problem.
Not recommended.
Only to be done in deep water.
Unsafe.
Another name of first year ice is:
Green ice.
Blue ice.
White ice.
Cream ice.
Backing in ice:
Is a dangerous manoeuvre.
Is a safe manoeuvre.
Is a safe manoeuvre with the rudder hard a port.
Is a safe manoeuvre with the rudder to starboard.
Berthing in ice covered water is normally:
Not a problem.
A problem.
A long process.
To be avoided.
Close range hazard detection should be done:
Visually.
By radar.
Visually and by radar.
By GPS.
Detection of low icebergs on radar should include:
Careful observation of all small radar targets.
Observation of a radar shadow behind the target.
Observation only of large targets.
Observation of targets close to other ships.
How can you reduce the risk of hull damage when executing “ramming”?
Use maximum speed.
Use minimum speed.
Stop engine before ramming.
Rudder amidships before ramming.
How many primary groups of steel is used in ship construction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Icebergs normally move with the:
Wind.
Current.
The resultant of wind and current.
Wind and current does not influence the movement of icebergs.
If possible, an iceberg should be passed:
On the windward side.
On the leeward side.
Astern.
Ahead.
If the speed of the ship is increased from 8 to 12 knots, the force of impact has:
Decreased.
Increased a little.
Increased 4 times.
More than doubled.
In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter “A” mean?
Go astern.
Stop.
Anchor.
Go ahead.
In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter “E” mean?
Increase distance.
I am altering course to port.
I am altering course to starboard.
Remember to listen to the radio.
In low temperature, what is important to do when hot fluid is loaded?
Start with very low loading rate.
Start with highest possible loading rate.
Stop loading.
Wait until the temperature rise.
In regards to radar imaging, ice is defined as:
A very good radar target.
A good radar target.
A poor radar target.
Not being visible on radar.
In traditional ice breaker design the distance between main frames is approximately:
20 cm.
30 cm.
40 cm.
60 cm.
New ice is recognized by its characteristic:
Matt appearance.
Glossy appearance.
Greenish appearance.
Brown appearance.
Old ice is more than:
One year old.
Two years old.
Three years old.
Five years old.
Pancake ice consists of circular pieces of ice with a diameter of:
10-30 cm.
30-100 cm.
50-150 cm.
30-300 cm.
The accuracy of charts in the Arctic can be expected to be:
Good.
Poor.
Same as the rest of the globe.
Better than normal.
The first principle of successful navigation in ice is:
Avoid going astern.
Avoid stopping.
Avoid night operations.
Avoid slow speed.
The stern design of an icebreaker is mainly controlled by:
The number of propellers.
The design draft of the icebreaker.
The number of rudders.
The engine power.
The thickness of young ice is normally between:
5 and 10 cm.
10 and 15 cm.
10 and 30 cm.
30 and 40 cm.
Under some atmospheric conditions white lights may take on:
A reddish hue.
A bluish hue.
A greyish hue.
A yellowish hue.
What is an “Ice horn”?
A ice formation normally found in Arctic waters.
A very high iceberg.
Wedge shaped structure to help protect the rudder when going astern.
A tasty drink.
What is the effect of low temperature on steel?
No effect.
Increase brittleness.
Decrease brittleness.
Little effect.
What is the meaning of “Tripping” when used in connection with Arctic ship design?
A ship designed according to Arctic shipping rules.
A high speed engine stall.
A major generator failure.
Collapse of a frame against the side shell.
What is the purpose of “rudder stops”?
To protect the rudder and steering gear from damage during backing.
To increase the rudder stall angle.
To reduce steering gear power consumption.
To be able to operate with only one steering gear operational.
What is “nilas”?
A massive piece of ice.
Ridged ice.
Rafted ice.
A thin elastic crust of ice.
What rudder position is recommended to obtain minimum loads on the steering gear when going astern?
Amidships.
Hard a port.
Hard a starboard.
No special position.
What type of chart projection is not suitable for use in high latitudes?
Lambert.
Grid.
Polar grid.
Mercator.
When a ship is expected to enter areas with very cold air, what should be done with tanks and lines?
Filling all tanks and lines with water.
Stripping all lines and tanks for water.
Insulate all possible tanks and lines.
Nothing.
When an icebreaker is breaking a track through large heavy floes at slow speed, the track can be expected to be how wide?
10-20 % wider than the icebreaker beam.
30-40 % wider than the icebreaker beam.
50-60 % wider than the icebreaker beam.
70-80 % wider than the icebreaker beam.
When can the tactics for execution of a voyage start?
Once the planning of the passage is completed.
After careful route selection.
After approval from the owner.
After approval from the ship owner an charter.
When entering ice, the speed should be:
Very low.
Slow.
Manoeuvring speed.
High.
When in ice, one important basic rule is:
Use high speed.
Work against the ice movement.
Keep moving.
Stop moving.
When operating in ice, course changes should be executed when:
As soon as possible.
At full speed.
At dead slow speed.
If possible in open water.
When the concentration of drift ice is higher than 7/10 the term drift ice may be replaced by the term:
Floe.
Iceberg.
Pack ice.
Nilas.
When will towing normally be provided by the icebreaker?
When requested by escorted ships Master.
On Owners request.
In an emergency.
Never.
Which materials are most used in propeller blades for icebreakers and ice breaking cargo ships?
High quality steel.
Stainless steel and nickel-aluminium bronze.
Carbon fire.
Stainless steel and carbon fire.
Which ships produce waste?
Tankers.
Dry cargo ships.
Passenger ships.
All ships.
Which type of glacial ice is most difficult to detect?
Glowlers.
Bergy bits.
Icebergs.
Pack ice.
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