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LNG Bunkering Training Matrix: Competence Alignment Across Maritime and Port Operations

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In today’s maritime landscape, Strategies for Effective LNG Bunkering Operations and Their ExecutionLNG Bunkering Training serves as the backbone of a safe, efficient, and regulatory – compliant supply chain for liquefied natural gas as marine fuel. As the industry pivots toward decarbonization, LNG bunkering operations involve multiple stakeholders – vessels, ports, fuel suppliers, regulators – and each must operate with harmonized competence to prevent operational risk. Proper training is not just a regulatory checkbox; it is the key to reducing incidents, ensuring continuity, and building trust across the entire LNG logistics chain.

This evolving environment demands curricula that reach beyond traditional seafarer instruction – addressing interface challenges, harmonizing cross-sector requirements, and filling gaps arising from overlapping regulatory regimes.

LNG Bunkering – Training for the Interface

The STCW contains requirements in Section A/V3 tables A-V/3-1 and A-V/3-2 for a minimum standard of competence in basic and advanced training, respectively, for ships subject to the IGF Code. These tables can be considered highly relevant in setting the wider structure of competencies that should also be considered for the LNG bunkering interface below highlights the relevance of addressing the necessary harmonization of competencies in the context of LNG Bunkering Guidelines: Comprehensive Insights and Best Practices for OperatorsLNG bunkering.

Scheme of the LNG Bunkering interface
Fig. 1 Applicable references in Competencies and Training requirements – complexity of the LNG Bunkering interface

EN ISO 20519 highlights, in Section 8, that all crew members should be trained in the particular aspects of the Standard, as far as LNG bunkering procedures are concerned.

LNG Bunkering Training Matrix

As a main reference for Qualification & Training, a Matrix has been built in the context of the European Sustainable Shipping Forum to better assist all parties willing to develop Qualification and Training schemes, based on relevant legal minimum requirements, for LNG bunkering.

The Training Matrix maps different regulatory regimes, addressing the complex interface of LNG Bunkering where different requirements co-exist, from the ship-side, port-side, fuel supplier side, etc.

Finding conflicting points, and possible overlaps, is still the aim of the work together with the full mapping of the instruments governing the different parts of LNG bunkering operations when training and competencies development and recognition is concerned.

The Training Matrix defines the appropriate references for the training to be set up in different domains and activities of LNG as fuel, both on maritime and inland waterways, and road transport.

The matrix provides an overview of the requirements to all those in the logistic chain in order to identify the gaps and possible overlaps within the existing instruments, with the two main objectives to:

  • Maintain the high level of safety for the use of LNG.
  • Contribute to the definition of an EU framework.
MATRIX on LNG Training
DomainActivityCategoryRegulatory Instrument on Training & Competences – State of playObservations
MaritimeLNG Vessels (LNG transport)CrewIGC CodeTo check Directive 2008/106/EC on minimum level of Bunkering training of seafarers
STCW convention
IMO Model Course – Advanced Training for Liquefied Gas Tanker Cargo Operations
Directive 2008/106/EC on the minimum level of training seafarers
Bunkering vesselsCrewRes MSC.392(95): IGF Code, Part C-1, Part DTo identified the modification of Directive 2008/106/EC to apply the rules defined by IMO
Res MSC.395(95): amendments to SOLAS Convention
Res MSC.396(95): amendments to STCW Convention – Res MSC.397(95): amendments to STCW Code
STCW.7/Circ.23 on interim guidance on training for seafarers on board ships using gases or other low-flashpoint fuels
Draft STCW Circular on amendments to Part B of STCW Code
Offer to develop an IMO model course on the special training requirements for seafarers on ships using gases or other low flashpoint fuels-Submitted by Norway
Inland waterwaysLNG fuelled vesselsCrewDirective 91/672 on the reciprocal recognition of national boat masters’ certificates
Directive 96/50 on the harmonization of the conditions for obtaining national boat masters’ certificates
CCNR: Regulation for Rhine navigation personnel (amendment coming into force on 1.07.2016) : special knowledge of crews (chapter 4a) and content of training courses (annex E2)
Rhine Police Regulation (amendment in force 1.12.2015): requirement of training certificates for crew
Transport of LNGCrewADN 2015 agreement: additional training for boat master required – Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goodsCheck the impact of ADN agreement as modified on EU legislation
PortsLNG Bunkering operationsPeople involved in bunkering operationISO TS 18683 (2015-01-15) Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships – Chapter 10 Training
Draft ISO/DIS 20519 LNG Bunkering Standard (on consultation 05/02-05/05) – Chapter 8 Personnel training
CEN/TC 282 on LNG equipment and installation: ad hoc Group on Training
IACS Recommendation 142 on LNG Bunkering
Port regulations on bunkering and on dangerous goods
IAPH guidelines (version 3.6 Jan 2015):
i. Truck to Shipping
ii. Ship to Shipping
iii. Bunker Station to Ship
Directive 2012/18 on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances (Seveso III Directive)
CCNR: Standard for a LNG bunker checklist Truck to Ship Edition 1.0
SGMF LNG Bunkering Competence Guidelines 2017 (available for purchase)
People on spotPort regulations and Safety Management System (SMS)
Health & safety regulations for workers
Transport of LNGDriverADR agreement
Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goods
ISO/DIS 16924.2 LNG stations for fuelling (19.5 training). CEN/TC 326 refuelling stations
RailwayTransport of LNGRailways infrastructure manager and carriersRID agreementto be investigated
Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goods
LNG TerminalUnloading, loading & storage of LNGLNG infrastructure operatorDirective 2012/18 on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances (Seveso III Directive)to be investigated with the ongoing works of CEN on standards
National regulation concerning classified facilities regarding safety and environmental protection
ISO & EN standards (to be investigated)
Port regulation
SIGTTO/OCIMF recommendations
Loading of Bunkering vessels, bargesLNG infrastructure operatorDirective 2012/18 on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substancesto be investigated
National regulation concerning classified facilities regarding safety and environmental protection
Port regulations
Bunker vessel crewIGC CodeTo check Directive 2008/106/EC
STCW convention
IMO Model Course – Advanced Training for Liquefied Gas Tanker Cargo Operations (on revision)
Directive 2008/106/EC on the minimum level of training seafarers
Port regulation
Barge crew relevant to inland waterways regulationADN 2015 agreement
Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goods. Directive 91/672 on the reciprocal recognition of national boat masters’ certificates
Directive 96/50 on the harmonization of the conditions for obtaining national boat masters’ certificates
CCNR: Regulation for Rhine navigation
personnel and Rhine Police Regulations
Port regulation
Loading of trucksLNG infrastructure operatorDirective 2012/18 on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances (Seveso III directive)to be investigated with the ongoing work of CEN on standards
National regulation concerning classified facilities regarding safety and
environmental protection
ISO and EN standards (to be investigated)
Port regulation
DriverADR agreementCheck the impact of ADR agreement as modified on EU legislation
Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goods
ISO-EN standards (to be investigated with the Commission decision on standards)
Port regulation
LNG fuel stationsRefuelling of trucksLNG fuel stations operatorDirective 2012/18 on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substancesto be investigated with the ongoing work of CEN on standards
National regulation concerning classified facilities regarding safety and environmental protection – ISO/DIS 16924.2 LNG stations for fuelling (19.5 training)
CEN/TC 326 refuelling stations
Customers deliveriesUnloading of trucksDriverADR agreementCheck the impact of ADR agreement as modified on EU legislation
Directive 2008/68 on the inland transport of dangerous goods
ISO-EN standards (to be investigated with the Commission decision on standards)
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Author photo - Olga Nesvetailova
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Literature
  1. Study on the completion of an EU framework on LNG-fuelled ships and its relevant fuel provision infrastructure, LOT 1 Position paper: Towards harmonized EU LNG bunkering guidelines, DNV-GL, 2016.
  2. Study on the completion of an EU framework on LNG-fuelled ships and its relevant fuel provision infrastructure, LOT 1 Final Report, DNV-GL, 2016.
  3. LNG Bunkering Guidelines IACS Recommendation n. 142, on LNG Bunkering, IACS, 2016.
  4. ISO/TS 18683:2015. (15-Jan. 2015). Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships. Technical Specification.
  5. Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF). (2015). Gas as a marine fuel, safety guidelines, Bunkering. Version 1.0, February 2015.
  6. ISO 20519:2017. Ships and marine technology – Specification for bunkering of gas fuelled ships. (International Standard).
  7. IEC 60079-10-1. (2015). Explosive atmospheres – Part 10-1: Classification of areas – Explosive gas atmospheres.
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  9. API RP-500. 1997. Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical installations at petroleum facilities classified as CIass 1, Division 1 and Division 2. Washington. D.C: API.
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  14. USCG CG-OES Policy Letter 02-14 – Guidance Related To Vessels And Waterfront Facilities Conducting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Marine Fuel Transfer (Bunkering) Operations.
  15. ADN – European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland waterways (Update version ADN January 2017).
  16. ADR – European agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (Update version ADR January 2017).
  17. Rhine Vessel Inspection Regulations (RVIR).
  18. EU general risk assessment methodology (Action 5 of Multi-Annual Action Plan for the surveillance of products in the EU (COM(2013)76) – Document 2015-IMP-MSG-15 – 16 October 2015.
  19. Safety Study, Chain analysis: Supplying Flemish ports with LNG as a marine fuel, Analysis of safety aspects, June 2012.
  20. EN 1160 – Installations And Equipment For Liquefied Natural Gas – General Characteristics Of Liquefied Natural Gas, NBN, 1st edition, August 1996.
  21. ESD Arrangements & Linked Ship/Shore Systems for Liquefied Gas Carriers, SIGTTO First Edition 2009 – SIGTTO.
  22. M. Kofod & S. Hartman, T. Mundt – Review of Recent Well-to-Wake Greenhouse Gas Studies evaluating the use of LNG as a marine Fuel, IMO MEPC/INF.15.
  23. LNG Access Code for Truck Loading for The Zeebrugge LNG Terminal – Based on version approved by the CREG on September 19th 2013 – Applicable as of January 1st 2014 – FLUXYS.
  24. Guidance for the Prevention of Rollover in LNG Ships – SIGTTO – First Edition 2012.
  25. Wang, Siyuan & Notteboom, Theo – The role of port authorities in the development of LNG bunkering facilities in North European ports, 14 January 2015, World Maritime University 2015.
  26. Verhoeven P (2010) A review of port authority functions: towards a renaissance? Marit Policy Manag 37:247-270.
  27. Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF). (2017). Gas as a marine fuel, safety guidelines, Bunkering. Version 2.0, February 2015.
  28. COM(2003) 515 final – Communication from The Commission concerning the non-binding guide of good practice for implementing Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres, Brussels, 25.8.2003.
  29. Davies, P. (2016) – Bunkering LNG: Setting the Safety Zone, 7th Motorship Gas Fuelled Ships Conference, November 2016.
  30. International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. (1-Mar 2010). Risk Assessment Data Directory – Process Release Frequencies. Report No. 434 – 1, 1 March 2010). Pertinent data from this report is summarised in: Davies & Fort, (Sept 2012), LNG as Marine Fuel – Likelihood of LNG Releases, Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology.
  31. PGS2 – TNO Yellow Book – Methods for the calculation of physical effects, due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids and gases) – CPR 14E (3rd Edition, 2005) – TNO – The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research.
  32. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response, Guidance for Industry (including Management and Labour), Public Authorities, Communities, and other Stakeholders – 2nd Edition (2003) – OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications.
  33. DNVGL-RP-G105 Edition October 2015 – Development and operation of liquefied natural gas bunkering facilities, Recommended Practice, DNV GL, 2015.
  34. USCG CG-OES Policy Letter No. 01-17 – Guidance for Evaluating Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) during Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Fuel Transfer Operations.
  35. LGC NCOE Field Notice 01-2017 – 14-Aug-17 – Recommended Process For Analysing Risk Of Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) During Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Bunkering.
  36. An Overview of Leading Software Tools for QRA, American Society of Safety Engineers – Middle East Chapter (161), 7th Professional Development Conference & Exhibition, March 18-22, 2005.
  37. Walter Chukwunonso Ikealumba and Hongwei Wu (2016) Some Recent Advances in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production, Spill, Dispersion, and Safety School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Curtin University.

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